First principle
Property is a right—and a trust
Distributed ownership protects freedom; legitimate ownership also carries duties.
Property gives households independence, disperses power, permits planning, and transmits capital through generations. A society of owners is generally freer than a society of permanent tenants, whether the landlord is public, corporate, or financial.
Markets coordinate knowledge and reward useful enterprise, but they depend on trust, law, family stability, and public order that they cannot manufacture alone. The goal is a productive, property-owning, family-forming middle commonwealth—not equal outcomes or maximum consumption.
Specific references
Read alongside the principle.
Rerum Novarum
Leo XIII
A defense of private property joined to duties toward workers, families, and the common good.
Open sourceQuadragesimo Anno
Pius XI
The classic statement that higher orders should assist rather than absorb lower communities.
Open sourceBeyond Markets and States
Elinor Ostrom
Evidence that communities can govern shared resources through durable, polycentric institutions.
Open source