All twelve principles
VII

First principle

The state has a moral purpose—and a limited mandate

Government should be strong within its proper sphere and never unlimited anywhere.

Every legal order makes judgments about protection and the common good. Government exists to secure justice, peace, order, defense, law, and essential public goods. Moral neutrality is impossible; constitutional restraint is indispensable.

Because coercive authority is dangerous, a stewardship state is bounded by due process, separated powers, federalism, property, speech, conscience, and mediating institutions. It should do important things competently without aspiring to administer the entirety of human life.

Specific references

Read alongside the principle.

1787 · Constitutional republicanism

The Constitution’s Preamble

The People of the United States

Union, justice, general welfare, liberty, and an explicit duty to posterity.

Open source
1787 · Constitutional republicanism

Federalist No. 10

James Madison

Plural interests and an extended republic as safeguards against factional domination.

Open source
1788 · Constitutional republicanism

Federalist No. 51

James Madison

Because power is exercised by fallible people, authority must check authority.

Open source