All twelve principles
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First principle

Citizenship means membership

A nation is a historical political community, not merely an economic zone.

Citizenship carries rights, loyalty, memory, obligation, and mutual sacrifice. A morally bounded patriotism can prefer the welfare of fellow citizens without denying the universal dignity of outsiders.

The nation may defend its borders, determine membership, preserve cohesion, and expect newcomers to enter a common civic culture. It is neither divine nor reducible to a marketplace. In domestic and foreign affairs, prudence governs between crusading and withdrawal.

Specific references

Read alongside the principle.

1787 · Constitutional republicanism

The Constitution’s Preamble

The People of the United States

Union, justice, general welfare, liberty, and an explicit duty to posterity.

Open source
1835–40 · Civic association

Democracy in America

Alexis de Tocqueville

Local self-government and voluntary association as the practical schooling of free citizens.

Open source
1787 · Constitutional republicanism

Federalist No. 10

James Madison

Plural interests and an extended republic as safeguards against factional domination.

Open source